General Playbook
These rights apply no matter what state you're in or what kind of debt it is. This is the sequence most people should start with.
Step 1 — Request debt validation
Within 5 days of first contacting you, a collector must send written notice of the debt amount, the creditor's name, and your right to dispute it within 30 days. If you dispute in writing within that window, the collector must stop all collection activity until it provides verification.
What to send, in writing, within 30 days of first contact: a short letter stating you dispute the debt and are requesting validation under 15 U.S.C. §1692g. A ready-to-use template is on the Sample Letters page.
Step 2 — Document everything
This isn't a legal requirement, just sound practice: it's what makes every other step actually work.
- Send written disputes by certified mail with return receipt requested — it proves what you sent and when it arrived.
- Keep a simple call log: date, time, who called, what was said.
- Keep copies of everything — letters sent, letters received, and any receipts.
Step 3 — File complaints in parallel, not as a last resort
You don't need to wait until things get worse to escalate. Filing now, alongside your written dispute, builds a record and applies real pressure.
- CFPB complaint: consumerfinance.gov/complaint — this routes directly to the collector, who is required to respond, and creates a federal record.
- State Attorney General complaint: see the Texas page if you're in Texas, or find your state's AG otherwise.
If it's escalated to a lawsuit
This site can help you understand your rights, but it can't represent you in court. If you've been served with a lawsuit, talk to a licensed attorney or your local legal aid organization as soon as possible — many offer free consultations for exactly this situation.